The trick is where/how to split the cable (you can see a short video about this question here. If you canвЂ™t just arrange for a feedthrough of the cable through the chamber wall, then youвЂ™ll need to have panel-mounted connectors on the inside and outside of that wall one cable segment connects from the sensor to the connector on the inside of the wall, and another cable segment continues from there to the meter. How many Volts from the sensor is equal to X amount of Watts the laser just produced. Usually this requires some form of calibration so you can take the information you are delivering to the PLC and correlate it with your operator display. Processing the information in the PLC is completely up to you. However, some applications only want to verify the energy setting, so they only fire the laser once to see if they are ready to go. For lasers that are pulsed, we recommend firing the laser a couple of times to get an understanding of the pulse to pulse change as well as being able to monitor the average. For short time measurements, a sensor designed for short use would be more ideal. For continual monitoring we would recommend a sensor that is designed to have the laser on it all the time. For different applications different sensors would be needed.

Other people only do it for a short time to verify the setting is producing the correct amount of power. That way they have a constant feedback system to allow them to not only monitor the power output, but also to control it so the laser is stable. Some manufacturers do it 100% of the time via a beam splitter.

With this extraction approach, not only have marine crustacean waste streams been valorized, but also a high added value natural ingredient has been isolated, allowing for its subsequent use.How long you fire the laser into the meter depends on you. This study suggests that integration of MW pretreatment with SFE can be considered a good strategy for intensification of ASX extraction from crab residues. All the extractable ASX was selectively recovered 12 times faster than traditional Soxhlet extraction, demonstrating that the proposed extraction approach significantly improves the extraction efficiency. Optimized operating conditions of each process individually were selected and ASX extraction efficiency through the integrated MW pretreatment and SFE strategy was assessed. Different SFE conditions, namely pressure (200вЂ“500 bar), temperature (40вЂ“60 вЊ), ethanol content in the supercritical CO 2 (8вЂ“13 wt %), and equilibration time (0вЂ“30 min) were also explored in order to selectively recover ASX.

MW pretreatment with different solvent systems (hydroalcoholic mixtures with 0вЂ“50 vol % of water) at different temperatures (40вЂ“140 вЊ) were applied followed by conventional solvent extraction for crab shell structure disruption. As such, design of experiments approaches were used to screen and optimize the processes. The multivariate nature of the processes involved is expected to lead to a nonadditive contribution of the individual factors effects on the extract quality and quantity. In this work, an extraction strategy is proposed for obtaining an ASX-rich extract from crab shell wastes, integrating microwaves (MW) pretreatment and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE). However, the composition and rigid structure of crab exoskeleton constitute a critical bottleneck for ASX recovery from these residues. Marine crustacean waste streams, in particular crab wastes, are promising alternative sources of astaxanthin (ASX), a highly demanded carotenoid with strong antioxidant capacity currently very used for nutraceutical and functional food formulations.

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